The lack of specific statutory legislation to deal with media Essay

The absence of explicit legal enactment to manage media interruption can be viewed as a shortcoming in English law. The Irish Privacy Bill 2006 speaks to a m - Essay Example In UK there is no particular legal arrangement for the insurance of security. In any case, in light of the fact that the infringement of individual life can't stay in specific conditions without discipline, therefore, the courts use rather the standards of law that are connected with Human Rights by and large. In this specific circumstance, Human Rights Act of 1998 is the most well-known administrative content utilized by courts in UK so as to give security to individuals that have endured an interruption to their own life by media. It must be seen however that English courts manage the issue just at the level that the applicable opportunities gave by the English law are disregarded. As per the article 2 of the Human Rights Act of 1998 ‘Everyone’s right to life will be ensured by the law’ (article 2, par.1). Besides, Human Rights Act of 1998 incorporate a progression of articles that give security much of the time when human rights are been undermined. We can char acteristically allude to ‘the right to freedom and security (article 5), the privilege to a reasonable preliminary (article 6), the option to regard for private and family life (article 8), the opportunity of thought, still, small voice and religion (article 9), the opportunity of articulation (article 10), the opportunity of get together and affiliation (article 11), the privilege to a viable cure (article 13)’, etc. At the European level, the privilege of security is additionally ensured utilizing the European Convention on the Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of 1948 as it has been revised by a progression of conventions (no. 4, 6, 7, 11 and 12). An intriguing administrative book with regards to the region of insurance of security is the Irish Privacy Bill 2006 which covers every conceivable part of individual life that can endure an interruption and infringement. For the most part, it has been expressed by Ellis (1993, 85) that ‘British law perceives no legal right to security however The Data Protection Act 1984 was the principal Act to address this

Hedda Gabbler Essay Research Paper A spider free essay sample

Hedda Gabbler Essay, Research Paper A bug becomes trapped in it # 8217 ; s ain web. This is a delineation of an endeavored utilize that went out of order. Hedda Gabler, by Henrik Ibsen, is a work about a grown-up female who controls the fates of others so as to help through her ain wants. The rubric character is a grown-up female who has late come back from a multi month # 8220 ; wedding trip # 8221 ; with her man of the hour, Tesman, a grown-up male whom she does non love. She longs for opportunity, yet she feels as though she can non go forward her marriage. To occupied her clasp, she controls the lives of everybody around her. Hedda executes herself in the wake of going engorged in her ain employments. Through the utilization of subject, scene, and afterward current individual businesss, Ibsen delivers a work that unambiguously depicts the beginnings of the intentions of this manipulative grown-up female. Regardless of whether it be the ignition of her previous love # 8217 ; s original copy or giving him the handgun to hit himself, Hedda # 8217 ; s harm shows the capacity of grown-up male to hold whole disregard for the life of another. We will compose a custom exposition test on Hedda Gabbler Essay Research Paper A creepy crawly or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Hedda without a second thought controls the lives of everybody around her. Through these manipulative activities, she ruins the lives of every last bit of her familiarities. Since she is non upbeat in her marriage, she endeavors to deny any other person to populate a substance life. For representation, after she convinces Eljert L? vborg to eat up intoxicant, he ruins his notoriety and loses something that is generally esteemed to him: the original copy of a book that he had been making with Mrs. Elvsted. In spite of the fact that Hedda understands the significance of this composition to both L? vborg and Mrs. Elvsted, she burns it. Since L? vborg and Mrs. Elvsted have put t inheritor mind into this original copy, Hedda allegorically relates her activity to terminating their child. This cool inconsideration shows Hedda’s disregard for the life of a kindred person. Hedda’s activities at last lead to her demise. Subsequent to giving L? vborg her handgun and suggesting that he should execute himself, Hedda # 8217 ; s brutal intentions are in the long run uncovered. Judge Brack learns of her deals and, along these lines, augmentations an opportunity to exploit this situation. When Hedda understands that she will ever be at the pardon of Judge Brack, she does the solitary thing she can make to escape this situation ; she shoots herself. All through her uses, Hedda keeps up a fa? organic product drink of naiveté. Her really malignant nature, however, is shown through her activities that relate this subject of grown-up male # 8217 ; s inhumaneness to grown-up male. One might have the option to discover the reason for Hedda # 8217 ; s want to make things happen when the scene is analyzed. The entire of the show happens inside. Subsequently, Hedda is perpetually lowered in a topographic point in which she is despondent. Since her hubby Tesman is perpetually busy with different events, Hedda is left in a scene that fits projects of utilization. Hedda # 8217 ; s genuine dreams and desires are those of opportunity and independence.Her scene by and by, is an absolute opposite to her penchant. While Hedda keeps up a longing to be allowed to make however she sees fit, situation is one in which she is bound in her place. Since she constantly stays in this uninteresting scene, she involves her clasp with fascinating against everybody around her. This is potentially the chief reason for Hedda # 8217 ; s employments.

Ms Darcy vs Big Car Company Essay

On account of Ms. Darcy versus Huge Car Company, I concur with the judge’s choice. Ms. Darcy proved that Clarence was in actuality her chief; Mr. Clarence’s conduct constituted as inappropriate behavior towards Ms. Darcy, and was placed into an antagonistic workplace while around Mr. Clarence, his chiefs, and the treatment in the wake of submitting a question to HR. As a member of the jury, I would find that Clarence was a chief. That his activities were lewd behavior, and there was a threatening workplace. Clarence had the power to appoint colleagues to errands and checked their movement. He had the option to get whomever he needed to take a shot at his group, in the event that he mentioned them. There is additionally the way that one of the senior bosses telling Ms. Darcy, â€Å"What Clarence needs, Clarence gets.† Mr. Clarence’s conduct of profane, scurrilous, and sexual signals with his hands and tongue was lewd behavior. His activities of propositioning her in an explicitly realistic language, inquiring as to whether â€Å"she ever had a man’s finger up her butt, coercively attempting to kiss and welcome her to engage in sexual relations with him,† are totally observed as dispassionately hostile for any sensible individual. Mr. Clarence’s activities of scouring his body facing hers either for the duration of the day or consistently is visit enough to be lewd behavior. Ms. Darcy was placed into an antagonistic workplace when she went to Clarence’s manager to reveal to him that she was awkward with his conduct, however was giggled at, and told that is simply Clarence’s conduct. The downgrade and put into a filthy work station that would just draw nearer to Clarence’s work station for approaching could likewise be viewed as threatening. The way that Clarence would utilize the â€Å"f† word while making intriguing moves, saying the dismissing him just turns him on much more, and getting her pig tail would all be able to be seen as undermining and threatening. The Judge’s and my choice proved that Clarence was Ms. Darcy’s chief, his activities were inappropriate behavior, and Ms. Darcy was placed into an unfriendly workplace.

The Subclass Pterygota and Its Subdivisions

The Subclass Pterygota and Its Subdivisions The subclass Pterygota incorporates a large portion of the world’s creepy crawly species. The name originates from the Greek pteryx, whichâ means â€Å"wings.† Insects in the subclass Pterygota have wings, or had wings once in their developmental history. Creepy crawlies in this subclass are called pterygotes. The principle distinguishing highlight of pterygotes is the nearness of veined wings on the mesothoracic (second) and metathoracic (third) portions. These bugs additionally experience transformation, either basic or complete. Researchers accept creepy crawlies developed the capacity to fly during the Carboniferous time frame, more than 300 million years prior. Creepy crawlies beat vertebrates to the skies by somewhere in the range of 230 million years (pterosaurs developed the capacity to fly around 70 million years back). Some bug bunches that were once winged have since lost this capacity to fly. Insects, for instance, are firmly identified with flies, and are accepted to plunge from winged progenitors. Albeit such bugs no longer bear practical wings (or any wings whatsoever, now and again), they are as yet assembled in the subclass Pterygota because of their transformative history. The subclass Pterygota is additionally separated into two superorders †the Exopterygota and the Endopterygota. These are depicted underneath. Attributes of the Superorder Exopterygota: Creepy crawlies in this gathering experience a straightforward or fragmented transformation. The existence cycle incorporates only three phases †egg, sprite, and grown-up. During the fairy stage, steady change happens until the sprite looks like the grown-up. Just the grown-up stage has practical wings. Significant Orders in the Superorder Exopterygota: Countless recognizable creepy crawlies fall inside the superorder Exopterygota. Most bug orders are arranged inside this region, including: Request Ephemeroptera - mayfliesOrder Odonata - dragonflies and damselfliesOrder Orthoptera - crickets, grasshoppers and locustsOrder Phasmida - stick and leaf insectsOrder Grylloblattodea - rock crawlersOrder Mantophasmatodea - gladiatorsOrder Dermaptera - earwigsOrder Plecoptera - stonefliesOrder Embiidina - webspinnersOrder Zoraptera - holy messenger insectsOrder Isoptera - termitesOrder Mantodea - mantidsOrder Blattodea - cockroachesOrder Hemiptera - genuine bugsOrder Thysanoptera - thripsOrder Psocoptera - barklice and booklice Order Phthiraptera - gnawing and sucking lice Attributes of the Superorder Endopterygota: These bugs experience a total transformation with four phases †egg, hatchling, pupa, and grown-up. The pupal stage is dormant (a rest period). At the point when the grown-up rises up out of the pupal stage, it has utilitarian wings. Requests in the Superorder Endopterygota: Most of the universes creepy crawlies experience total transformation, and are remembered for the superorder Endopterygota. The biggest of these nine creepy crawly arranges are: Request Coleoptera - beetlesOrder Neuroptera - nerve-winged insectsOrder Hymenoptera -ants, honey bees, and waspsOrder Trichoptera - caddisfliesOrder Lepidoptera -butterflies and mothsOrder Siphonoptera - fleasOrder Mecoptera - scorpion flies and hangingfliesOrder Strepsiptera - twistedwing parasitesOrder Diptera - genuine flies  Sources: Pterygota. Winged bugs.  Tree of Life Web Project. 2002. Rendition 01 January 2002 David R. Madden. Accessed online September 8, 2015.Pterygota, pterygote. Bugguide.net. Gotten to online September 8, 2015.A Dictionary of Entomology,â edited by Gordon Gordh, David Headric.Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, seventh version, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Subclass pterygota, by John R. Meyer, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University. Gotten to online September 8, 2015.

Selecting a Topic for Your Thesis

Choosing a Topic for Your Thesis A proposal subject must spring from your own energies and interests. The initial move toward characterizing a proposal point, at that point, is to decide your essential regions of intrigue. The job of self-assessment in this procedure is basic. Finding a proposition point inside a zone of intrigue is progressively troublesome. A point is best figured as an inquiry. In any case, the inquiries can't be unreasonably expansive, for a subject must have center. Nor would it be able to be excessively thin since the objective of a decent proposal is to communicate considerations of general significance through nitty gritty examination of a particular case or cases. As a rule, a great postulation point is fascinating to you, to your counselor, and to the examination network. Similarly as with numerous parts of graduate school, the equalization you find will depend at any rate to some extent on the relationship you have with your counsel. A few teachers have very much characterized long haul inquire about projects and anticipate that their understudies should contribute legitimately to this program. Others have a lot looser, yet at the same time related progressing ventures. On the off chance that you are uncertain about the feasibility of your point, you may take a gander at past proposals so as to discover what sorts of tasks have been the best. Or then again you may arrange your theory with and our experts will thoroughly take care of you.

Seven books we love about black history and how to learn more about it

Seven books we love about black history and how to learn more about it At Khan Academy we love to learn. As a learning organization, we often share book recommendations with one another. In honor of Black History Month, we asked our coworkers to share their favorite books by black authors that focus on the history of African Americans. Read on for seven recommended books as well as links to Khan Academy videos and articles where you can learn more about the historical events covered in each book.Middle-grade fiction The Watsons Go to Birmingham â€" 1963 by Christopher Paul Curtis  Ten-year-old Kenny lives with his family in Michigan. His teenage brother Byron gets into too much trouble, so his family heads south to visit their grandmother in Alabama. Grandma is the one person who can get Byron into shape. It’s 1963, and they are in town when Grandma’s church is blown up.Recommended by Leah (content team)Learn more on Khan Academy about life in the South in the postwar era and how a resistance to desegregation resulted in anger and violence toward innocent people.  Middle-grade nonfiction Child of the Dream by Sharon RobinsonThe daughter of baseball legend Jackie Robinson shares her coming-of-age story of being a 13 year old in 1963 and becoming increasingly aware of political activism and the civil rights movement.Recommended by Allison (content team)Learn more on Khan Academy about the Civil Rights Movement.  Martin Rising: Requiem for a King by Andrea PinkneyA celebration of Martin Luther King Jr.’s nonviolent struggle for civil rights. Using metaphor, spirituality, and multilayers of meaning, the author and illustrator convey the final months of MLK’s life and his assasination. The School Library Journal says it is, “beautifully illustrated and begging to be read aloud.Recommended by Allison (content team)Learn more on Khan Academy about Martin Luther King Jr. from the Montgomery Bus Boycott to the March on Washington where he gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.  Adult nonfiction The Warmth of Other Suns by Isabel WilkersonAn epic telling of a story that often goes untold in American historyâ€"the decades-long migration of millions of black Americans fleeing the South searching for a better life in cities in the North and West.Recommended by Caroline (content team)Learn more on Khan Academy about life after slavery for African Americans and the urbanization of the 1920s.Adult fiction Kindred by Octavia ButlerWhat would happen if you woke up and suddenly were on a plantation in the 1800s? Butler’s science fiction novel tells the story of a modern day black woman who lives in California and finds herself time traveling back to the antebellum South.Recommended by Caroline (content team)Learn more on Khan Academy about life for enslaved men and women in the United States in the 1800s.The Nickel Boys by Colson WhiteheadBased on the true story of a reform school for boys that operated for 111 years, The Nickel Boys dramatizes the story of two boys sentenced to the school during the Jim Crow era in Florida. At the school the students have to deal with physical and sexual abuse, corrupt officials, and the danger of resisting, which can lead to disappearing “out back”. The novel was named one of Time magazine’s best books of the decade.Recommended by Rosie (content team).Learn more on Khan Academy about the origins of Jim Crow and segregation.Homegoing by Yaa Gyas iFrom Africa’s Gold Coast to modern day America, this book follows the parallel path of two sisters through eight generations. The publisher says that this “extraordinary novel illuminates slavery’s troubled legacy both for those who were taken and those who stayedâ€"and shows how the memory of captivity has been inscribed on the soul of our nation.”Recommended by Stephanie (marketing team)Learn more on Khan Academy about all of U.S. History because Gyasi’s book really covers it all.

6 Tips for Medical School Success

Making a schedule is the first step to staying organized and prepared for all the new material! Learning how to succeed in medical school can be as challenging as being accepted. Each week you may be responsible for hundreds of PowerPoint slides, twenty hours of lecture, and multiple book chapters. Tests will require you not just to know the material, but to utilize your knowledge to integrate information in complex multiple choice questions. Memorizing information may have worked in undergrad, but we need new study habits now. Even if you skated through undergrad, chances are you will need a new set of skills to conquer med school! 1.   Make a schedule.  Make a daily review schedule for your next test. Each lecture or chapter should be reviewed at least once prior to the test. More challenging material should get extra review time. This may take an entire afternoon to plan out your next testing block, but it’s the first step to staying organized and prepared for all the new material! 2.   Pre-read.  Each night, download the next day’s presentation or book chapter, and lightly read through the information. Your goal isn’t to understand everything you read, but to be familiar with the topic so you can easily take notes tomorrow.   Consider this a relaxing activity to feel more confident tomorrow during lecture. Many of your classmates will not have the will power to pre-read, but doing so will exponentially increase the value of tomorrow’s lecture. 3.   Review Reduce.  Each evening, take the day’s material and create a clean, outlined version of the material. This â€Å"clean† version of your notes will become the basis of future review material. Only write down material you need, and try to cut out any extraneous information so you can streamline your studying later. I personally used two different notebooks. One notebook was ‘rough’ class notes, while the other was ‘clean’ organized study notes. Each afternoon I would reproduce my lecture notes into my organized notebook for future review and studying. 4.   Organize.  Use an app like Dropbox, Box, or Evernote to organize your PDFs, powerpoints, and other study material. You might be inundated with ‘study guides’ from upperclassmen trying to help, so be sure to organize these so you remember to utilize these aids when test time comes around. Organizing your notes will also help for Step 1 study preparation! 5.   Take Breaks! Always give yourself time to exercise, go for walks, socialize, or other stress-reducing activities. Sitting in a library for 10 hours at a time is not good time management. 6.   Evaluate.  After each test, reflect on how you studied and what changes could help increase your efficiency and learning. What works best for you? Did you find a great study technique during college or medical school? When did you realize you needed to re-evaluate your habits? Give your own helpful hints below, and be sure to let us know where you are in your medical school journey! hbspt.cta.load(58291, '97acf89a-9bbd-40db-8179-9ec9246d5073'); Evan Kuhl is a PGY-1 emergency medicine resident at The George Washington University in Washington, DC. Evan is interested in the intersection of sports and medicine, and is an avid cyclist. His website, www.evankuhl.com, includes helpful tips for pre-med and current medical students.

The Potential Chemical Attack On American Soil - 1229 Words

The concern of a potential chemical attack on American soil has always been in the minds of our government and various first response agencies that would be charged to address the effects of such an attack. Republican congressman, Robert Pittenger, expressed this concern regarding the volatile situation in Syria and the dangers posed by that situation in regards to the proper accountability of Syrian chemical weapons (Ordonez, 2013). Congressman Pittenger’s fears came from the possibility of further instability in Syria that would prevent the Syrian government from maintaining positive control and accountability of its chemical weapons. If Bashar Assad were to lose control of his country, terrorist organizations could potentially use such situation as an opportunity to acquire chemical weapons and transport them to key locations in order to facilitate their use on American soil (Ordonez, 2013). In this situation there are two elements: terrorist acquiring chemical weapons and terrorists using chemical weapons on American soil. The first one is more likely to happen, while the second one would be far more difficult as the weapons must make it from Syria to the United States. Fear that terrorist could potentially get their hands on Syrian chemical weapons were elevated upon news that Bashar Assad’s military had used chemical weapons against civilians in Syria (Borger, 2013). These actions clearly crossed the â€Å"red line† that President Obama had drawn. Speculation on what theShow MoreRelatedFirst Responder Terrorist Risk: International Terror Events.1737 Words   |  7 Pagespg.46). The international terror events are much less likely to occur on U.S. soil, but when they have occurred the results have been much more devastating. 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It is typicallyRead MoreFour Types of Research646 Words   |  3 PagesSecurities is to protect the country the various threats. In response to the 9/11 attacks on U.S. soil, this department was created to respond to terrorist attack, human attacks and natural disas ters. Some of the department jobs include aviation, border security, emergency response, cybersecurity and chemical inspections (Homeland Security, 2011). It main is to provide safety for the American people on American soil. The purpose of the National Guard is to supply defense for the United States (Read MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security And Homeland Defense969 Words   |  4 Pages The defense, security, and safety American citizens enjoy each and every day is a result of dedicated professionals committed to Homeland Security and Homeland Defense. These broad initiatives require well-defined missions, organized and focused tasking, and finally, clearly understood duties, responsibilities, and operations. 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In addition, mass shootings and numerous terror attacks on U.S soul have occurred. In addition, ISIS plans progressive and sequences of terror attacks on European and American continent simultaneously. In addition, situation becomes badly wrong if ISIS and Al Qaeda finally agreed its unification, furthermore it could become moreRead MoreRachel Louise Carson and the Environmental Movement Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesher to a level of popularity she had never known before. By 1958, Carson had become very popular as a writer and environmentalist. When she found out about the United States tampering with the creation of synthetic chemical insecticides, namely the new and incredibly harmful chemical DDT (dichloride-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane) and its indiscriminate usage on insects, she knew she had to take action. Carson strongly believed that humans were dangerously working against nature with their heinous misuse

Admiral Barbarossa of the Ottoman Empire

He began his naval career as a Barbary pirate, alongside his brothers, raiding Christian coastal villages and seizing ships across the Mediterranean. Khair-ed-Din, also known as Hayreddin Barbarossa, was so successful as a corsair that he managed to become the ruler of Algiers, and then the chief admiral of the Ottoman Turkish navy under Suleiman the Magnificent. Barbarossa started life as a simple potters son and rose to lasting piratical fame. Early Life Khair-ed-Din was born sometime in the late 1470s or early 1480s in the village of Palaiokipos, on the Ottoman-controlled Greek island of Midilli. His mother Katerina was likely a Greek Christian, while his father Yakup is of uncertain ethnicity - different sources state that he was Turkish, Greek, or Albanian. In any case, Khair was the third of their four sons. Yakup was a potter, who purchased a boat to help him sell his goods all around the island and beyond. His sons all learned to sail as part of the family business. As young men, sons Ilyas and Aruj operated their fathers boat, while Khair bought a ship of his own; they all began operating as privateers in the Mediterranean.   Between 1504 and 1510, Aruj used his fleet of ships to help ferry Moorish Muslim refugees from Spain to North Africa after the Christian Reconquista and the fall of Granada. The refugees referred to him as Baba Aruj or Father Aruj, but Christians heard the name as Barbarossa, which is Italian for Redbeard.  As it happened, Aruj and Khair both had red beards, so the western nickname stuck.   In 1516, Khair and his older brother Aruj led a sea and land invasion of Algiers, then under Spanish domination. The local amir, Salim al-Tumi, had invited them to come and free his city, with assistance from the Ottoman Empire. The brothers defeated the Spanish and drove them from the city, and then assassinated the amir.   Aruj took power as the new Sultan of Algiers, but his position was not secure. He accepted an offer from the Ottoman sultan Selim I to make Algiers part of the Ottoman Empire; Aruj became the Bey of Algiers, a tributary ruler under Istanbuls control. The Spanish killed Aruj in 1518, however, at the capture of Tlemcen, and Khair took on both the beyship of Algiers and the nickname Barbarossa.   Bey of Algiers In 1520, Sultan Selim I died and a new sultan took the Ottoman throne. He was Suleiman, called The Lawgiver in Turkey and The Magnificent by Europeans. In return for Ottoman protection from Spain, Barbarossa offered Suleiman the use of his pirate fleet. The new bey was an organizational mastermind, and soon Algiers was the center of privateer activity for all of North Africa. Barbarossa became the de facto ruler of all the so-called Barbary pirates  and began to build up a significant land-based army as well. Barbarossas fleet captured a number of Spanish ships returning from the Americas laden with gold. It also raided coastal Spain, Italy, and France, carrying off loot and also Christians who would be sold as slaves. In 1522, Barbarossas ships assisted in the Ottoman conquest of the island of Rhodes, which had been a stronghold for the troublesome Knights of St. John, also called Knights Hospitaller, an order left over from the Crusades. In the fall of 1529, Barbarossa helped an additional 70,000 Moors flee from Andalusia, southern Spain, which was in the grips of the Spanish Inquisition. Throughout the 1530s, Barbarossa continued to capture Christian shipping, seize towns, and raid Christian settlements all around the Mediterranean. In 1534, his ships sailed right up to the River Tiber, causing panic in Rome. To answer the threat he posed, Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire appointed famed Genoese admiral Andrea Doria, who began to capture Ottoman towns along the southern Greek coast. Barbarossa responded in 1537 by seizing a number of Venetian-controlled islands for Istanbul.   Events came to a head in 1538.  Pope Paul III organized a Holy League made up of the Papal States, Spain, the Knights of Malta, and the Republics of Genoa and Venice. Together, they assembled a fleet of 157 galleys under Andrea Dorias command, with the mission of defeating Barbarossa and the Ottoman fleet. Barbarossa had just 122 galleys when the two forces met off of Preveza. The Battle of Preveza, on September 28, 1538, was a smashing victory for Hayreddin Barbarossa.  Despite their smaller numbers, the Ottoman fleet took the offensive and crashed through Dorias attempt at encirclement. The Ottomans sank ten of the Holy Leagues ships, captured 36 more, and burned three, without losing a single ship themselves. They also captured about 3,000 Christian sailors, at a cost of 400 Turkish dead and 800 wounded. The following day, despite urging from the other captains to stay and fight, Doria ordered the survivors of the Holy Leagues fleet to withdraw. Barbarossa continued on to Istanbul, where Suleiman received him at the Topkapi Palace and promoted him to Kapudan-i Derya or Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Navy, and Beylerbey or Governor of governors of Ottoman North Africa.  Suleiman also gave Barbarossa the governorship of Rhodes, fittingly enough. The Grand Admiral The victory at Preveza gave the Ottoman Empire dominance in the Mediterranean Sea that lasted for more than thirty years. Barbarossa took advantage of that dominance to clear all of the islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas of Christian fortifications. Venice sued for peace in October of 1540, acknowledging Ottoman suzerainty over those lands and paying war indemnities. The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, tried in 1540 to tempt Barbarossa to become the top admiral of his fleet, but Barbarossa was not willing to be recruited. Charles personally led a siege on Algiers the following fall, but stormy weather and Barbarossas formidable defenses wreaked havoc on the Holy Roman fleet  and sent them sailing for home. This attack on his home base led Barbarossa to adopt an even more aggressive stance, raiding throughout the western Mediterranean Sea. The Ottoman Empire was allied with France by this time, in what the other Christian nations called The Unholy Alliance, working in opposition to Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. Barbarossa and his ships defended southern France from Spanish attack several times between 1540 and 1544. He also made a number of daring raids on Italy. The Ottoman fleet was recalled in 1544  when Suleiman and Charles V reached a truce.  In 1545, Barbarossa went on his last expedition, sailing to raid the Spanish mainland and offshore islands. Death and Legacy The great Ottoman admiral retired to his palace in Istanbul in 1545, after appointing his son to rule Algiers. As a retirement project, Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha dictated his memoirs in five, hand-written volumes. Barbarossa died in 1546.  He is buried on the European side of the Bosporus Straits. His statue, which stands next to his mausoleum, includes this verse: Whence on the seas horizon comes that roar? / Can it be Barbarossa now returning / From Tunis or Algiers or from the isles? / Two hundred ships ride on the waves / Coming from lands the rising crescent lights / O blessed ships, from what seas are you come? Hayreddin Barbarossa left behind a great Ottoman navy, which continued to support the empires great power status for centuries to come. It stood as a monument to his skills in organization and administration, as well as naval warfare. Indeed, in the years following his death, the Ottoman navy ventured out into the Atlantic and into the Indian Ocean to project Turkish power in distant lands.

In The Victorian Era, Society’S Views Of Men And Women

In the Victorian Era, society’s views of men and women and their roles in the world were beginning to dramatically change, and not all were content with these changes. The novel Dracula, by Bram Stoker, represents the mindset that those who felt threatened by these changes had. Mina and the men of the vampire slaying group act in the traditional manner associated with their gender and represent the ideal way Stoker believed the sexes should behave meanwhile, Dracula and the female vampires are used to signify, and portray in a threatening light, those who didn’t conform to his society’s standards for men and women. In Bram Stoker’s Dracula, Stoker sets up traditional gender roles and ideals that he believed the sexes should embody and†¦show more content†¦This clearly demonstrates Stoker’s opinion about the traits of women and what they were meant to do in society. In addition to this, just as Mina is portrayed as the ideal women and embod ies the traditionally feminine associated traits, the weird sisters are shown to be monstrous, possessing none of these traditional characteristics and represent an exaggerated, and evil, version of the â€Å"New Woman†. The weird sisters, or the three female vampires who live with Dracula in his castle, are a representation of the perceived threat from the changing of women’s role in society and their increased independence. The weird sisters are portrayed as the exact opposite of the caregiver and are ruthless with absolutely no maternal feelings. The weird sisters kidnap and kill children and in addition try to seduce and then murder men, seen when Jonathan describes his first encounter with them writing in his diary as them saying the following, â€Å"Are we to have nothing tonight?† said one of them, with a low laugh, as she pointed to the bag which he had thrown upon the floor, and which moved as though some living thing within it. For answer he nodded his head†¦If my ears did not deceive me there was a gasp and a low wail, as of a half-smothered child† (Stoker 156). This scene is used to establish the ruthless and horrific nature of the female vampires. Regarding this encounter with the female vampires, Carol A. Senf, a college professor and Stoker expert:Show MoreRelatedSummary OfThey Shut Me Up In Prose937 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"They Shut Me Up in Prose,† Dickinson discusses how women are confined in society’s structured roles on women in the Victorian era. Dickinson does so in three stanzas, with an inconsistent rhyme scheme. This poem is influenced by the inequalities between genders and the limitations that prevented women from enjoying things that were seen as specifically for men, such as writing poems and having a higher education. In it, she uses various literary and poetic elements. In stanza 1, Dickinson beginsRead MoreEssay on Jane Eyre - Challenging Victorian Beliefs1028 Words   |  5 PagesChallenging Victorian Beliefs Charlotte Brontà « challenges the view that men are emotionally, socially and intellectually superior to women. Just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equal - as we are! The 19th century was a period of oppression for women. The patriarchal system that dominated the Victorian period in Englands history, was one during which Charlotte Brontà « wrote and set the novel, Jane Eyre. Brontà « denounces the persecution that women sufferedRead More Societal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House887 Words   |  4 PagesSocietal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, creates a peephole into the lives of a family in the Victorian Era. The play portrays a female viewpoint in a male-dominated society. The values of the society are described using the actions of a woman, Nora, who rebels against the injustices inflicted upon her gender. Women’s equality with men was not recognized by society in the late 1800’s. Rather, a woman was considered a dollRead MoreThe Influence Of Victorian Society On Relationships And Marriage1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Victorian Society on Relationships and Marriage Marriage was of utmost importance during the 1830’s to the 1900’s. The â€Å"ideal† relationship had been searched for by both men and women using the standards that the commonwealth had created. When reading Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and associating it to society’s expectations for both genders throughout the Victorian era, people are depicted as being very effected and influenced by the set rules and boundaries.Read MoreLily Briscoe s Influence On Gender Roles And Expectations Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagessense that she was living in an era when women were expected to take on the domestic role and fulfill the role as a traditional woman. Lily did not live up to those expectations. She struggled to stay true to herself and found it a difficult task to conform to society’s conventions as it relates to gender roles and expectations. The novel â€Å"To The Lighthouse† takes place in the 19th century during that time often referred to as the Victorian era. During the Victorian era, the expectation was that individualsRead MoreEssay about Women and Men of the Victorian Era1343 Words   |  6 Pages The Victorian era established strict guidelines and definitions for the ladies and gentleman. Noble birth typically defined one as a lady or a gentleman, but for women in this time period, socioeconomic rank and titles held no prestige or special privileges in a male-dominated society. Commonly, women in this era generally tried to gain more influence and respect but to no avail as their male counterparts controlled the ideals and practices of society. Women were subject to these idealsRead MoreJane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesObscurities of the Victorian Society In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen satirizes the superficially built society in Victorian Era by pointing out the flaws with the recurring themes of marriage versus love and gender roles through dramatic irony and character relations. All relationships and the idea of true love tend to be obscured by this materialistic society that is based on wealth, power, title, and connections. Jane Austen constantly paints the Victorian scene of the socialite women gatheringRead MoreIdentity, Opportunity and Equality Essay967 Words   |  4 Pages Profession for Women. In the essay, Profession for Women Woolf discusses, â€Å"the Victorian phantom known as the Angel in the House that selfless, sacrificial woman in the nineteenth century whose sole purpose in life was to soothe, to flatter, and to comfort the male half of the world’s population.† The essay shows how women struggled daily with the views Victorian society placed upon them. The ways of the Victorian era transcended over into the modernist times because some women were too afraid toRead MoreFeminism in the Novel Jane Erye Essay examples1241 Words   |  5 Pagesbelief that women should have equal economic, political and social rights which were off ered to men was known as feminism. Feminism has been a prominent and controversial topic in writing for over two centuries, with the view articulating in the â€Å"19th century meaning that women were inherently equal to men and deserved equal rights and opportunities.† (Gustafson, 1) Many women throughout time have stood forward towards women’s rights. Jane Eyre was written and published during the Victorian Era. The novelRead MoreThe Importance Of Physical Beauty In The Renaissance Era1571 Words   |  7 PagesSociety’s perception of love changes constantly. As a result, poems of different time periods have different perceptions of love and beauty. Ben Jonson’s â€Å"A Vision of Beauty† and Samuel Daniel’s â€Å"But love whilst that thou mayst be loved again† reflect the importance of physical beauty in love during the Renaissance Era. In the Victorian Period, Wilfrid Scawen Blunt’s â€Å"I See You Juliet† and Robert Browning’s â€Å"A Face† continue to reflect society’s fascination with female beauty in both a positive and

Westernization Vs. Eating Disorders - 1645 Words

Westernization Vs. Eating Disorders Historically, through an array of cultures worldwide, individuals have transformed their appearances in order to conform to the beauty ideal of relevant culture. Those that are apart of the Pa Dong Tribe, which reside among the boarder of Thailand, practice the elongating of the neck through the use of brass rings. African and Amazonian tribes consider beauty through the stretching of their lips that is achieved using large lip plates. Tribes in Africa strive to achieve a larger body weight by eating over 15,000 calories a day in order to be more desirable partners as well as to gain a higher status. Similarly, in westernized countries individuals suffer from eating disorders and malnourishment in order to maintain a thinner body shape. Individuals are influenced heavily by culture and social backgrounds on beliefs and perceptions about body image, as well as contributing to the beauty standards that one should strive to maintain and achieve. As these culturally responsible body alternation trends continue to be practiced, they are shown to have a direct role in the rise of eating disorders, as well as body misconception. Eating disorders occur as a result of severe disturbances in eating habits that negatively affect a person’s mental and physical state. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and their variants all share in common their seriousness in feelings of distress, anxiety and concerns about ones body shape and weight. ThroughShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesa history of mobility that is one of simple continuity or gradual change. The conceptual association of mobility and modernity is not just a teleological assumption. Moving may have been one of the elemental activities of our species, along with eating and reproducing, but mass movement was a new phenomenon—as was the related â€Å"massification† of reproduction, production, trade, and transportation, as well as communication, consumption, and culture. Mass migration is an integral part of these broader

Reading Schedule Free Essays

Week 1 Tuesday 01/15 Introduction/Syllabus/ â€Å"Where I’m From† poem Thursday 01/17 Read â€Å"Brainology† by Carol Dweck Week 2 Tuesday 01/22 Read â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman† and â€Å"The Men We Carry In Our Minds† Thursday 01/24 Active Reading and Analysis Standards (posted on Blackboard under writing and reading tools) Week 3 Tuesday 01/29 Read â€Å"Narration† in Patterns; Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 1-3 Thursday 01/31 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 4-5 Week 4 Tuesday 02/5 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Schedule or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6-7 Thursday 02/7 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 8 Week 5 Tuesday 02/12 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 9-11 Thursday 02/14 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 12 Week 6 Tuesday 02/19 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 13-14; Read I Love Yous Are for White People Epilogue, â€Å"About the book† and â€Å"Read on† Thursday 02/21 Read â€Å"Description† in Patterns page 143-148; Read â€Å"Exemplification† in Patterns page 199-201; Read â€Å"Process† in Patterns page 199-201 Week 7 Tuesday 02/26 Read â€Å"Cause and Effect† † in Patterns page 321-326; Read The Kite Runner pages 1-47 Thursday 02/28 Read The Kite Runner pages 48-58 Week 8 Tuesday 03/05 Read â€Å"Comparison and Contrast† in Patterns page 383-384; Read The Kite Runner pages 59-100 Thursday 03/07 The Kite Runner pages 101-124 Week 9 Tuesday 03/12 Read Classification and Division in Patterns pages 447-448 The Kite Runner pages 125-189 Thursday 03/14 The Kite Runner pages 190-223 Week 10 Tuesday 03/19 Read â€Å"Definition† in Patterns page 505-506; The Kite Runner pages 224-272 Thursday 03/21 The Kite Runner pages 273-292 Week 11 SPRING BREAK Tuesday 03/26 No Class Thursday 03/28 No Class Week 12 Tuesday 04/02 The Kite Runner pages 293-371 Thursday 04/04 Read â€Å"Argumentation† in Patterns page 547-548 Week 13 Tuesday 04/09 Read â€Å"Combining The Patterns† in Patterns page 705-706 Thursday 04/11 Read Scholarly Source Week 14 Tuesday 04/16 Read â€Å"Using Research in Your Writing† page 757-766 Thursday 04/18 Read â€Å"Using Research in Your Writing† page 766-782 Week 15 Tuesday 04/23 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 04/25 Read Scholarly Source Week 16 Tuesday 04/30 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 05/02 Read Scholarly Source Week 17 Tuesday 05/07 Read Scholarly Source Thursday05/09 Read Scholarly Source Week 18 Tuesday 05/14 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 05/16 Read Scholarly Source Week 19 Finals Week Tuesday 05/21 Final Exam How to cite Reading Schedule, Essay examples

Not a chance Essay Example For Students

Not a chance Essay Select a paper/assignment which you have written within the last 10 days. The paper must be at least 2 typed pages in length, or 100 words. Only continuous prose can be used for the test. Information contained in charts or graphs should not be included in the test. Quotations are not counted towards the minimum of 100 words. Select a paper/assignment which you have written within the last 10 days. The paper must be at least 2 typed pages in length, or 100 words. Only continuous prose can be used for the test. Information contained in charts or graphs should not be included in the test. Quotations are not counted towards the minimum of 100 words. Using whatever standard Word-Processing Program that is available, enter in the text of your paper exactly as you have written it. Avoid the temptation to make any editorial changes to the original paper while you are typing it in. In fact, if possible, it is preferrable to have SOMEONE ELSE type in your paper. SINGLE SPACE your text and avoid using ANY special formatting commands, i.e., tabs, bolding, underlining, etc. Hyphenated words are considered as one word, so do NOT leave spaces-between the two words. Also, ALL QUOTES, including long quotes which are indented and single spaced in the original text, should be indicated by double ( ) quote marks. Copy your text into the text box below. Or, if you already have the text in a file on your computer, you need only cut and paste the text into the space below. Using whatever standard Word-Processing Program that is available, enter in the text of your paper exactly as you have written it. Avoid the temptation to make any editorial changes to the original paper while you are typing it in. In fact, if possible, it is preferrable to have SOMEONE ELSE type in your paper. SINGLE SPACE your text and avoid using ANY special formatting commands, i.e., tabs, bolding, underlining, etc. Hyphenated words are considered as one word, so do NOT leave spaces-between the two words. Also, ALL QUOTES, including long quotes which are indented and single spaced in the original text, should be indicated by double ( ) quote marks. Copy your text into the text box below. Or, if you already have the text in a file on your computer, you need only cut and paste the text into the space below. Words/ Pages : 395 / 24

Spanish Settlement Of The West Essay Example For Students

Spanish Settlement Of The West Essay International borders have always been centers of conflict, and the U.S.-Mexican border is no exception. With the European colonizing the New World, it was a matter of time before the powers collided. The Spanish settled what is today Mexico, while the English settled what is to day the United States. When the two colonial powers did meet what is today the United States Southwest, it was not England and Spain. Rather the two powers were the United States and Mexico. Both Counties had broken off from their mother countries. The conflict that erupted between the two countries where a direct result of different nation policies. The United States had a policy of westward expansion, while Mexico had a policy of self protection. The Americans never had a written policy of expansion. What they had was the idea of Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States had the right to expand westward to the Pacific ocean. On the other hand, Mexico was a new country wanting to protect itself from outside powers. Evidence of U.S. expansion is seen with the independence of Texas from Mexico. The strongest evidence of U.S. expansion goals is with the Mexican-American War. From the beginning, the war was conceived as an opportunity for land expansion. Mexico feared the United States expansion goals. During the 16th century, the Spanish began to settle the region. The Spanish had all ready conquered and settled Central Mexico. Now they wanted to expand their land holdings north. The first expedition into the region, that is today the United States Southwest, was with Corando. Corando reported a region rich in resources, soon after people started to settle the region. The driving force behind the settlement was silver in the region. The Spanish settled the region through three major corridors; central, western and eastern. The first settlements were mainly through the central corridor. The Spanish went thorough what is now the modern Mexican state of Chihuahua into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Eventually the Spanish established the city of Santa Fe in 1689. The eastern corridor was through modern day Texas and led to the establishment of San Antonio. The eastern expansion was caused by the French expansion into modern day Louisiana. The Spanish crown wanted a buffer between the F rench in Louisiana and central Mexico. The last corridor of expansion was in the west, through the sea, which led to the establishment of San Diego in 1769 and Los Angles in 1781. The Spanish were not the only European power to colonize the new world; French, English and the Dutch also settled North and South America. The Spanish and the French settled what is present day U.S.-Mexico border region. The French settled modern day U.S. midwest, while the Spanish settled present day Mexico and U.S. southwest. As time went on, European influence in the region diminished.. The French sold there claims to the United States, in 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. Once the United States bought the Louisiana Purchase, western expansion began. This set the stage for major conflict in the region. The United States gained independence from England in 1775. After 1775, the Americans started to expand west. By the time Mexico gained independence, the Un ited States had reached the Mexican frontier. Mexico needed to protect its northern borders. To protect the border region, Mexico needed to populate the area. Mexico continued the policy started by Spain of allowing Americans to settle Texas. The Americans had to follow Mexican law, religion and customs. The settlement of Texas played into the United States expansion plans. .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e , .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .postImageUrl , .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e , .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e:hover , .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e:visited , .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e:active { border:0!important; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e:active , .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud1e66143660560e60917f43e89998e3e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shindlers List EssayEventually Mexico City closed Texas from more Americans from entering. This angered the Americans wanting to enter and Americans already living in Texas. Texas revolted from Mexico in 1833. Mexicans did live in Texas, and fought for the independence of Texas. The majority of Texans were Americans and fought for their independence. After the war the Americans intentionally or non-intentionally forced most Mexicans out of Texas. The ones that stayed faced racial tensions that continue to today. After gaining independence from Mexico, Texas wanted to join the United States immediately. The U.S. Congress voted against Texas from joining the Union. Congress was worried that annexation of Texas would anger Mexico. Mexico had never officially recognized Texas as independent. Congress was concerned that annexation would start a war with Mexico. Mexicos repose to American annexation was not the only factor in deciding against annexation. If Texas was to become a state, it would be a slave state. At the time, the United States an even balance between slave and non-slave states. Texas entering the Union would disrupt the balance, giving slave states an advantage in the U.S. House and Senate. Since the United States was not ready to annex Texas, Texas declared itself a sovereign country. In 1837 President Andrew Jackson formally recognized Texas a country. Texas wanted to be part of the United States. It needed the protection of the Untied States. President Tyler could not get the 2/3 majority needed to admit Texas. Instead, he changed the law to require only a simple majority. It was not until 1845 and two Presidents later that Texas was annexed into the United States. Mexico protested the admission of Texas into the United States. The United States saw Mexicos protest as a excuse to spend troops into Texas The annexation of Texas was a represented the United States expansion goals. The United States wanted to settle in Texas, but Mexico owned the land. That did not matter to the United States, they settled in the region regardless. The Americans that settled the region agreed to Mexican law and customs, but still considered themselves Americans. After the annexation of Texas, Texas also wanted to expand. Texas claimed that New Mexico and California were part of Texas. The boundary with Mexico was also disputed. The United States claimed that the Texas border was at the Rio Grande. Mexico disagreed, Mexico stated the border was at Nueces River. The United States did try to settle matters diplomatically. The United States sent inexperienced diplomat John Slidell. Slidell tried to buy area known as the U.S. Southwest. Slidell, being an inexperienced diplomat, was rejected. Not only was he not successful in buying the land, he aroused Mexican fears. This set the stage for the Mexican-American War. The United States also had no written policy of expansion, but the government quietly supported it. The United States has always had troops the region, even though they held no land in the region The United States kept ships off the coast of California. In 1842 the U.S. commander in the region, Commodore Thomas Jones, attacked and took the city of Monterrey in California. He falsely believed that Texas and Mexico were at war. Once he realized his mistake he withdrew his forces and apologized to the Mexian government for his action and claimed that he did not act with orders from the U.S. government. Although Jones claimed that he did not act with orders from the U.S. government, clearly the government did not stop the practice. Another example of the United States expansion goals was the Mexican-American War. This is the first time America has fought a war with land expansion as its main goal. The war started on April 25 1846 with the attack from Mexican troops and the counter attack from General Taylor of the U.S. Army. Taylor sent a message to President Polk that hostilities have started. President Polk, with a pre-drafted declaration of war, asked Congress to declare war against Mexico. President Polk knew that Mexico would lose the war and would gain new lands in the end. The Mexican-American war lasted two years, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadeloupe on February 2 1848. The United States had succeeded in winning the war. With the Treaty of Guadeloupe the United States had succeeded in completing its Manifest Destiny. The Treaty itself represented the United States expansion goals. The United States wanted to settle on were the international border was to be. Mexico wanted the border to north of the Rio Grande river, but finally decided upon the middle of the Rio Grande river. Mexico having been bankrupt from the war, agreed to take the 15 million as payment for the vast land. In addition, the United States agreed to pay off all Mexican deb ts owed to the United States. This amount was small in comparison to what the United States gained in territory. The United States took advantage of a weak country of obtained its expansion goals. .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 , .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .postImageUrl , .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 , .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2:hover , .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2:visited , .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2:active { border:0!important; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2:active , .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2 .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf47a40a138212b1213afe3e4de2c67d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why huck finn shouldnt be banned EssayAnother example of the United States taking advantage of Mexico is the Gasden Purchase. The Gasden Purchase was ratified in 1854 for the selling price of 10 million. Mexico was going through rough economical time and desperately needed the money. The United States seeing an opportunity to build a railroad through the region brought the land at a cheap price. The selling of the Gasden Purchase was the down fall of President Santa Ana, and led to his replacement. The conflicts along the border region were a direct result of U.S. expansion policies and Mexican fear for the United States. The Americans saw Manifest Destiny, westward expansion, as there God given right. The United States proved often that it supported policy of expansion. With the Mexican-American war, the United States completed its Manifest Destiny. The United States completed Manifest Destiny at the cost of the Mexican government and its people.

Legislation Health and Social Care free essay sample

In this document you will find an overview of some of the Government Policy and legislation which has an impact on workers in health and social care settings. You will be able to identify the legislation that most affects the work you do, and will have a broad understanding of the International, European and UK Government policy that has an impact upon the way we must work. Plans for genuine partnership working between health and social services lie at the heart of the governments strategy to modernise the management and delivery of social care. The emphasis is upon empowerment, person centred planning, public protection and a well trained and regulated workforce to deliver quality services. You will see the trends in the following pages as legislation, policy and guidelines all reflect the same aim. There will often be differences between the four countries of the UK as devolution has enabled each country to focus upon their own priorities. We will write a custom essay sample on Legislation Health and Social Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How devolution affects health and social care workers Devolution is the process by which power has been transferred from Westminster to three countries of the UK. The framework for devolution is laid down in the Scotland Act 1998, the Government of Wales Act 1998 and the Northern Ireland Act 1998. There are different levels of devolved responsibilities for each country. Scotland has a Parliament and an Executive based upon the Westminster model. Under the Scotland Act 1998, the Parliament can pass Acts and the Executive can make secondary legislation in many areas. Under the Government of Wales Act 1998, powers in certain areas have been delegated to the National Assembly for Wales. The Assembly can make secondary legislation in these ‘devolved areas’, but primary legislation for Wales is still made by the UK Parliament. Devolution in Northern Ireland is linked closely to the success of the peace process; issues with this have led to the Assembly and Executive being suspended several times. When in operation the Northern Ireland Assembly can make primary and secondary legislation in ‘delegated areas’. This means that although in health and social care the four ountries do work closely together, there will often be different priorities, policy and guidance, depending on where people live and work, as each country will define its own way forward based on research which identifies the needs of individuals in their country. This can be confusing for people who live on the borders of Scotland or Wales, where there are often conflicting requirements in terms of qualification requirements for staff or differences in National Service Standards. It is important to make sure that any legislative requirements, White Papers, policies or guidance you use to underpin your work are the right ones. The White Paper Modernising Social Services set the scene for developments that have changed the face of social care in England over the past few years. You will see common themes, which underpin the ethos of legislation, growing in strength and being reflected in the way service provision is delivered. As you read through the next few pages and identify the parts that are most relevant to the area in which you work you will find everything emphasises empowerment of individuals receiving services, public protection, flexible needs led services, Health Social Care NVQs Legislation England partnership and a service that centres upon the needs of each individual. All of this depends upon the UK having a well trained and regulated workforce. Modernising Social Services The White Paper ‘Modernising social services promoting independence, improving protection, raising standards’ was published on1st January 1998. It outlined the governments plans for modernising social service provision, emphasising the importance of promoting independence, public protection and ensuring the delivery of quality services for adults and children. It also introduced a new system of regulation, workforce standards, and the establishment of a General Social Care Council. It emphasised the importance of partnership with the NHS and non-statutory bodies, and produced a framework for cooperation between local authorities and central government to promote the delivery of efficient, high quality services. Branded the ‘third way’ for social care, it identified important ‘key principles’: ? care should be provided to people in a way that supports their independence and respects their dignity. People should be able to receive the care they need without their life having to be taken over by the social services system. services should meet each individuals specific needs, pulling together social services, health, housing, education or any others needed. And people should have a say in what services they get and how they are delivered. care services should be organised, accessed, provided and financed in a fair, open and consistent way in every part of the country. hildren who for whatever reason need to be looked after by local authorities should get a decent start in life, with the same opportunities to make a success of their lives as any child. In particular they should be assured of a decent education. every person child or adult should be safeguarded against abuse, neglect or poor treatment whilst receiving care. Where abuse does take place, the system should take firm action to put a stop to it. people who receive social services should have an assurance that the staff they deal with are sufficiently trained and skilled for the work they are doing. And staff themselves should feel included within a framework which recognises their commitment, assures high quality training standards and oversees standards of practice people should be able to have confidence in their local social services, knowing that they work to clear and acceptable standards, and that if those standards are not met, action can be taken to improve things. ? ? ? ? ? ? Useful web site www. archive. official-documents. co. uk/document/cm41/4169/chap-1. htm Health Social Care NVQs Legislation England Equality Legislation Over the past 30 years a number of different pieces of equality and equality related legislation have been introduced. You are not expected to become an expert on any or all of them. The following section summarises the key legislation and principle concepts, which you are most likely to encounter and find useful on a day-to-day basis. The Equal Opportunities Commission works to eliminate sex discrimination in 21st Century. The organisation promotes equal chances in life for women and men. They provide up-to-date information for all Four Nations of the UK, their web site is an excellent resource for equal opportunities can be found at the following address: http://www. eoc. org. uk Arndale House, Arndale Centre Manchester M4 3EQ Email: [emailprotected] org. uk Fax: 0161 838 1733 Tel: 0845 601 5901 The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 This Act protects people from discrimination on the grounds of sex and marital status. Exceptions to the Act include genuine occupational requirements. The Act applies to both men and women. The inclusion or marital status was an important feature of the Act. The reason for including this alongside gender is to prevent employers from making, and acting upon, assumptions that married women are more likely to have child care responsibilities and are therefore less reliable or less committed employees. Further information can be found on: www. pfc. org. uk/legal/sda. htm 36 Broadway London SW1H 0BH Email: [emailprotected] org. uk Tel: 0207 222 1110 Fax: 0207 222 2771 Health Social Care NVQs Legislation England Equal Pay Act 1976 The Equal Pay Act gives women (or men) a right to equal pay for equal work. The equal pay code is aimed at employers, but employees and employee representatives may also find it useful. The code aims to help employers, employees and their representatives by giving practical guidance on how to ensure pay is determined without sex discrimination. The Act applies to both genders, full, part time, or casual or temporary workers regardless of length of service. The Race Relations Act 1976 This Act protects people from discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins. The Act defines racial discrimination as less favourable treatment on racial grounds and identifies several ways in which such treatment may occur. A person racially discriminates against another if: ? ? He or she treats the person less favourably than he or she treats, or would treat another person on racial grounds or He or she applies a requirement or condition to that other person which is such that the proportion of the person’s racial group which can comply with it is considerably smaller than the proportions of persons not of their racial group Further information can be found on: www. omeoffice. gov. uk Victimisation Victimisation is unlawful, it occurs when another person is treated less favourably because they have made or intend to make a complaint or may have assisted another person in making a complaint of discrimination. A person has the right to make a complaint without prejudice to their existing, potential or future equal opportunities. Direct discrimination To treat a person less favourably than another person is or would be treated in the same or similar circumstances on racial grounds is known as direct discrimination. The motive or intention behind the treatment doesn’t matter. For example, it would be unlawful for a nursing home to refuse to admit a person simply because he or she is black, white or Asian or because of the colour of his or her skin. Indirect discrimination An example of indirect discrimination is when an employer tells an employment agency that his care setting only wanted people who spoke good English without a foreign accent. Although the employer did not specify that he would employ white people only, the effect of the condition was to exclude many people from minority ethnic groups and is unlawful. Further information can be found on: www. racialjustice. org. uk/Indirect%20Discrimination. htm Health Social Care NVQs Legislation England Race Relations Amendment Act 2000 This Act places a statutory obligation on all public bodies to develop a race equality policy and action plan, not only to eliminate race equality but proactively to promote equality between different racial groups, to assess the impact of all its policies on staff and students from different racial groups, to ensure that all staff are trained in their duties regarding promoting race equality.

The settling of America essays

The settling of America essays The settling of America began with an idea, the idea that people could join together and agree to govern themselves by making laws for the common good. They desired a place where men and women of deep religious convictions could come and practice their faith freely; a place where you could fulfill the desire to expand lands and produce great riches. The idea of a clean slate, religious freedom, self-government, and dreams of great riches only whetted the Englishs appetites. They wanted to set forth and start anew. The enclosure movement was the cause of one of the greatest changes in the landscape of rural England. Landlords were enclosing croplands for sheep grazing, forcing many small farmers to move off the land. Then the economic depression hit the woolen trade and farmers had to make a new life as beggars. But word on the street was that the New World had opportunities of great riches. This caused the farmers to immigrate to the New World. These farmers were forced to start a new life, and America seemed to give the open opportunity to do so. Protestant England was still persecuting Roman Catholics among numerous discriminations, such as a couple seeking to get married could not be legally united by a Catholic priest. The Founders of the American nation wanted to define the role of religious faith in public life. Religious discriminations evoked many Catholics to come to the Americas. Here they could create a haven where they could get away from such discriminations. Maryland was one colony that was created as a refuge for Catholics. Many other colonies were created for the sole purpose of religious freedom, not just for Catholics, but for any religion. In the New World the colonies started under the direct supervision of the Crown, but were private projects with little supervision by the English. Political and social awareness increased and the need for government and leadership were more defined. Civil disorder w...

CALCULUS 3 (LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CALCULUS 3 (LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS) - Essay Example It is possible to find the minima or maxima of a given function f of several variables given that the variables have restrictions. Langrage multipliers help us minimize or maximize functions with constraints that are points on a definite surface (Stewart, 67). Finding critical points of a function f (w, x, y) on a level surface or subject to the constraint g (w, x, y) = M. Solving this problem requires a solving the following series of simultaneous equations. ÃŽ » is a dummy variable known as a langrage multiplier. The most important variable in the equation are w, x, and y. After solving for the critical values, you insert them into the function to find the maxima and the minima. The critical points where the function is greatest are maxima while where it is smallest are minima (Stewart, 72). Solving the system equations can be a difficult task. In order to solve for the critical points in an easier way, one should consider the following tricks; Solve for ÃŽ » in terms of the variables w, x, and y to eliminate it from the equations. Solve any of the variables in terms of the other variables. Consider both the positive and negative square roots whenever using a square root (Courant,

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Poverty - Essay Example In accordance to her point of view that social classes in society plays an important role in understanding the meaning of â€Å"poverty† from her experiences. She wants her readers to feel what exactly it feels like to live in poverty with no financial support and assistance from the world outside. At various places in her essay, she questions her readers that how it feels to be clean and to live a life of luxuries while she stands among those deprived souls who are suffering hard to meet their basic needs. Parker feels that the social class particularly, the fortunate ones have failed in responding appropriately towards poverty stricken people in general. However, small proportion among the similar class does act responsibly but it is very difficult for the unfortunate ones to find them in timely manner. Parker considers herself as the victim of abject poverty who was introduced to become the part of this ‘poverty-stricken cycle† by her peers at school and her mot her. She feared that due to inequality and discrimination between the social classes would continue to flourish like that eventually, leading her children to follow the similar destiny. She indirectly blames the privileged ones for being responsible of her condition. A clear tone of anger and anguish can be felt in the writing. This essay explores the hardships and struggle of Parker. She was just another person in any society with no education, no job experience and no grounds to stand firm. She left her school because children made fun of her â€Å"dirty stinky clothes†. As a result, she declared herself as a victim of social class from a very young age. She considers asking help from the privileged ones and the authorities as a process which takes her to the journey of humiliation and a point where she feels herself losing her pride and dignity. This explains the derogatory behavior of the privileged class towards a non-privileged

The Effect of AFTA on Malaysian Agriculture

The Effect of AFTA on Malaysian Agriculture The agriculture sector is the sector that would be adversely affected due to the implementation of AFTA. AFTA will also lead to agricultural country facing greater competition from other countries manufacturers that have excess production costs.  American food imports has increased every year from the effects of increasing the number and standard of living.  In 1996, imports of food (including animal feed) and agricultural inputs was RM10.5 billion compared with RM4.6 billion in 1990.  In 1997 (January to October) the import is RM9.1 billion.  Malaysia experienced a trade deficit in food (including pet food) and agricultural inputs.  This means that there is an outflow of surplus state funds to finance imports. In 1996 exports amounted to RM4.2 billion, and in 1997 (January-October 1997) was RM4.5 billion.  This means that the trade deficit in food and agricultural inputs in 1996 were RM6.3 billion and RM4.6 billion in 1997. Although, agriculture Malaysia at this time still dominates the market, there are concerns that performance will not last after the AFTA implementation.  Malaysia agricultural products can only compete at this juncture because the aid of subsidies and taxes imposed on the protected agricultural neighbours.  So too, some agricultural products from Thailand and Indonesia still cheaper than products in the country.  Furthermore, the output of vegetables such as from Cameron Highlands will rising prices due to rising prices of fertilizers and pesticides.   Thailand agricultural products are available for sale at half price until two or three times cheaper than our country. For example tomatoes from Thailand were sold at wholesale at a price of RM14-RM20 for 20 kilograms while tomatoes in Cameron Highlands can reaching up to RM40 for the same quantity of tomatoes.  Meanwhile, Indonesian products such as cabbage are sold cheaper than double the output of cabbage Cameron Highlands.  Indeed, Indonesia is the quality of vegetables grown in the highlands of Sumatra is not so good. However, if no taxes are high, prices will be very cheap to buy the buyer gets a big advantage. Although forced to remove the damaged portion of vegetables, this is definitely not a problem.   Effects of AFTA can be clearly seen on the rice/paddy sector.  Before the end of 2004, the government has raised taxes rice from 0% to 40%.  The purpose of the import tariff is to protect the domestic price of imported rice to be higher than the price of local rice.  AFTA law requires a maximum of 40% imposed in 2005 and will be reduced to 20% by 2010.   According to the local rice industry, the rate of 20% of rice imports in 2010 will not be able to protect the local rice industry.   As a result farmers are ruined to excessive paddy supply and low prices. Our farmers also unable to compete in the open market without the subsidies provided by the government, as the production cost in neighbouring countries is much lower. Market supply of fish, especially for the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia such as Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and the time is increasingly dominated by catches of southern Thailand.  After the implementation AFTA, the fish are expected to dominate the market throughout the country. This is because fish caught by fishermen Malaysia is higher due to rising diesel prices, rising hot spares, and transportation of fish to market high.  Perhaps the most affected industries are the automobile, even though Malaysia postpone the opening of the domestic market to foreign products until 2005.   AFTA also affects more than 300,000 families of rice planters, more than 80,000 fishermen families, more than 400,000 smallholder families, more than 250,000 rubber and oil palm smallholder families.  This is because industrial crops such as palm oil, rubber and cocoa will be dominated by the estate and corporate. International agricultural companies large and small farmers would be competing with the cause of small farmers increasingly marginalized. This is due to AFTA is in favour of big traders but not the farmers and small entrepreneurs.  At the same time, priority is given to corporations to develop the agricultural sector.  Thus, large corporations dominated the entire process of agricultural production such as production and stocks of seeds, processing, packaging, transportation and marketing.  Farmers do not have the authority to determine and only employee of large agricultural companies. Farmers also do not have the power in the production of agriculture product. No t only that, small farmers also have only two options if they cannot compete which are selling the land or work as labourers. Furthermore, implementation of AFTA has also affected the agricultural labourers.  This is because the opening in the trade competitiveness of the company causing the transfer of labour-intensive to technology-intensive companies to reduce production costs.  Thus, unskilled workers were adversely affected because the big businessmen looking for sites to operate in low-cost labour.  The transfer also resulted in the employment opportunities of local workers and the diminishing power of employee consultation will also become more vulnerable. As a conclusion, the implementation of AFTA will affect the farmers adversely. A reduction in the import duty will make foreign rice cheaper and this will crowd out domestic rice production. This crowding effect may potentially result in the unemployment of some 150,000 rice farming households putting additional burden on the government.

How Do the Literary Devices Construct Meaning in “the Visit”? Essay

Imagine how dull a Shakespearean play would be without the ingenious literary devices and techniques that contribute so much to the fulfillment of its reader or viewer. Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is a tragedy that combines fact and legend to tell the story of an eleventh century king. Shakespeare uses numerous types of literary techniques to make this tragic play more appealing. Three literary devices that Shakespeare uses to make Macbeth more interesting and effective are irony, symbolism, and imagery. One technique that Shakespeare uses is irony. Verbal irony is when a character says one thing but means the opposite. When a reader understands the irony of what a character is saying, then he can truly understand the nature and intentions of the character. An example of verbal irony is when Macbeth says to Banquo, â€Å"Tonight we hold a solemn supper, sir,/ And I’ll request your presence† (Macbeth 3. 1. 13-14). The reader soon discovers that Banquo never makes it to the banquet because he is brutally murdered by order of Macbeth. Shakespeare also uses situation irony. This occurs when the results of an action or event are different than what is expected. An example of situation irony occurs when Macduff talks to Malcolm and discusses the tragedies that are taking place in Scotland. Without knowing that his own family has been slain Macduff says, † Each new morn/ New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows/ Strike heaven on the face† (4. 3. 4-6). Ironically, Macduff comments about widows, while he is completely unaware that he is a widower himself. Irony, a key element to a tragic play like Macbeth, has the ability to make the tragic hero appear more villainous or the down-fall seem even more tragic. The second type of literary device that Shakespeare uses in Macbeth is symbolism. The predominant symbol is blood and is used as an effective method to describe the theme of the play. Not only does blood symbolize bravery, it is also a means of showing treachery and treason and probably most importantly, guilt. One example of bravery occurs when the captain says, â€Å"For brave Macbeth? well he deserves that name–/Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel,/Which smoked with bloody execution†(1. 2. 16-18). Soon after this blood changes into a representation of treachery and treason. Lady Macbeth asks the spirits to â€Å"Make thick my blood,/ Stop up th’ access and passage to remorse† (1. 5. 43-44). She asks the spirits to take away compassion and make her remorseless for the actions she is about to take. Also, when Ross asks, â€Å"Is’t known who did this more than bloody deed? † (2. 4. 22), he tries to figure out who performed the disloyal act of murdering the king. Blood is also used many times to express the guilt-ridden consciences of the characters. For instance, Macbeth says, â€Å"What hands are here? Ha! They pluck out mine own eyes! / Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash the blood/ Clean from my hand?  Ã¢â‚¬  (2. 3. 58-60). Macbeth obviously feels guilty for killing Duncan in cold blood. Later in the play, Lady Macbeth reveals her guilt while sleepwalking. She walks through the castle carrying a candle. She often sits the candle down and begins to rub her hands as if she is trying to wash them. In her somber state, she cries out: What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our pow’r to accompt? Yet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him? (5. 1. 38-41). Lady Macbeth feels as though she cannot wipe clean her blood stained hands. This is a bit ironic since earlier she told Macbeth, â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed† (2. 2. 66). Lady Macbeth has many dreams and fantasies about blood, which shows that she cannot clear her conscience of this brutal act. Another literary technique that is used in Macbeth is word imagery. Word imagery is a term for a metaphor, a comparison that does not use the words â€Å"like† or â€Å"as†. One of the best examples of this is clothing imagery. For instance, Ross tells Macbeth that he has been named Thane of Cawdor, and Macbeth says, â€Å"The Thane of Cawdor lives. Why do you dress me in/ Borrowed robes? † (1. 3. 108-109). Macbeth asks why Ross is telling him this. This title is like new clothes to him, but this title and these clothes should still belong to the former Thane of Cawdor. Another example of clothing imagery occurs when Macbeth tells his wife that he has second thoughts of killing Duncan. He says, â€Å"I have bought/ Golden opinions from all sorts of people,/ Which would be worn now in their newest gloss† (1. 7. 32-34). Lady Macbeth thinks he is being irrational. Macbeth knows that he is the center of attention now because he saved the country. He also knows that if he kills Duncan everyone would be more interested in the death of their king than in their hero, Macbeth. Shakespeare’s work reveals that he knew how to make a play a work of art. Through his use of irony, symbolism, and imagery he is able to grab the reader or the viewer’s attention and keep it. These elements have contributed to the endurance of his works for centuries, and they will help it to endure for centuries to come. Without the use of these techniques, Macbeth would not be the tragic play that it is. This play would lack very important methods that help idealize the characters in the play.

Person Centered Care

If you would like to contribute to the art and science section contact: Gwen Clarke, art and science editor, Nursing Standard, The Heights, 59-65 Lowlands Road, Harrow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex HA1 3AW. email: gwen. [email  protected] co. uk Person-centred care: Principle of Nursing Practice D Manley K et al (2011) Person-centred care: Principle of Nursing Practice D. Nursing Standard. 25, 31, 35-37. Date of acceptance: February 7 2011. SummaryThis is the fifth article in a nine-part series describing the Principles of Nursing Practice developed by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) in collaboration with patient and service organisations, the Department of Health, the Nursing and Midwifery Council, nurses and other healthcare professionals. This article discusses Principle D, the provision of person-centred care. Authors Kim Manley, at the time of writing, lead, Quality, Standards and Innovation Unit, Learning & Development Institute, RCN, London; Val Hills, learning and development a dviser, RCN, Yorkshire and the Humber; and Sheila Marriot, regional director, RCN, East Midlands.Email: kim. [email  protected] ac. uk Keywords Nurse-patient relations, person-centred care, Principles of Nursing Practice These keywords are based on subject headings from the British Nursing Index. For author and research article guidelines visit the Nursing Standard home page at www. nursing-standard. co. uk. For related articles visit our online archive and search using the keywords.THE FOURTH Principle of Nursing Practice, Principle D, reads: ‘Nurses and nursing staff provide and promote care that puts people at the centre, involves patients, service users, their families and their carers in decisions, and helps them make informed choices about their treatment and care. ’ The provision of care that is experienced as right by the person receiving it is at the core of nursing practice. Principle D sets out to endorse and expand on this point, which is often summarised as providing person-centred care – a philosophy that centres care on the person and not only their healthcare needs.The King’s Fund uses the term NURSING STANDARD ‘the person in the patient’ to convey the same point (Goodrich and Cornwall 2008). There is a consensus that person-centred care equates with quality care (Innes et al 2006, Royal College of Nursing (RCN) 2009), although the service users involved in developing the Principles indicated that they wanted to receive person-centred, and safe and effective care. Such inter-related care is based on best evidence, which is blended with the needs of the individual within specific contexts.Healthcare teams, healthcare provider organisations and governments often articulate an intention to deliver person-centred care. However, achieving it is often challenging and difficult to sustain. Achieving person-centred care consistently requires specific knowledge, skills and ways of working, a shared philosophy th at is practised by the nursing team, an effective workplace culture and organisational support. While all members of the nursing team endeavour to provide person-centred care, some nurses have more transient contacts with patients and those important to them.Examples include staff working in operating departments, general practice or outpatients. The challenges in these situations include skill in developing rapid rapport and ensuring that communication systems respect the essence of the person and protect his or her safety in a way that maintains person-centred values and continuity of care. Person-centred care can be recognised by an active observer or the person experiencing care. The following might be experienced or observed: 4 A focus on getting to know the patient as a person, his or her values, beliefs and aspirations, health and social care needs and preferences. Enabling the patient to make decisions based on informed choices about what options and april 6 :: vol 25 no 31 :: 2011 35 art & science principles series: 5 assistance are available, therefore promoting his or her independence and autonomy. 4 Shared decision making between patients and healthcare teams, rather than control being exerted over the patient. Enabling choice of specific care and services to meet the patient’s health and social care needs and preferences. 4 Providing information that is tailored to each person to assist him or her in making decisions based on the best evidence available.Assisting patients to interpret technical information, evidence and complex concepts and helping them to understand their options and consequences of this, while accessing support from other health and social care experts. 4 Supporting the person to assert his or her choices. If the individual is unable to do this for him or herself, then the nursing team or an appointed formal advocate would present and pursue the person’s stated wishes. 4 Ongoing evaluation to ascertain that care an d services continue to be appropriate for each person. This involves encouraging, listening to and acting on feedback from patients and service users. Other attributes of the nursing team include being professionally competent and committed to work, and demonstrating clear values and beliefs (McCormack and McCance 2010). In addition, nurses should be able to use different processes in the development of person-centred care: working with patients’ values and beliefs, engaging patients and mental health service users, having a sympathetic presence, sharing decision making and accommodating patients’ physical needs (McCormack and McCance 2010). People from minority ethnic groups often experience barriers to person-centred care.There is a need to understand the way in which different minority groups within local populations access information and how different cultural understandings, languages and communication styles influence perceptions of personalised care (Innes et a l 2006). A shared philosophy For person-centred care to achieve its full potential, the approach needs to be practised by the entire nursing team. This requires a shared philosophy and ways of working that prioritise person-centred behaviour, not only with patients and those that are important to them, but also within the team.The wellbeing of staff and the way in which they are supported also needs to be person-centred as staff wellbeing positively affects the care environment for staff and patients. For a shared philosophy to be realised in practice, person-centred systems and an effective workplace culture need to be in place (Manley et al 2007, McCormack et al 2008). Such systems focus not only on structures and processes, but also on the behaviours necessary to provide person-centred care. An effective workplace culture has a common vision through which values are implemented in practice and experienced by patients, service users and staff.This culture demonstrates adaptability and responsiveness in service provision, is driven by the needs of users and has systems that sustain person-centred values. Clinical leadership is pivotal in promoting effective cultures. This is achieved through modelling person-centred values, developing and implementing systems that sustain these values, encouraging behavioural patterns that support giving and receiving feedback, implementing learning from systematic evaluations of person-centred care and involving patients in decision making (Manley et al 2007).To determine whether person-centred care is being delivered or how it can be improved, workplaces need to use measures or methods that enable systematic evaluation to take place. These should be embedded within patients’ electronic NURSING STANDARD Knowledge, skills and ways of working Each member of the nursing team is expected to provide person-centred care, although the required knowledge, skills and competences may come from the wider nursing and healthcare t eam. Principle A, through its focus on dignity, respect, compassion and human rights, is the essential basis for providing person-centred care (Jackson and Irwin 2011).However, other qualities, such as the ability to develop good relationships are required: ‘The relationship between the service user and front line worker is pivotal to the experience of good quality/person-centred care/ support’ (Innes et al 2006). Developing good relationships with patients and colleagues requires team members to be self-aware and have well-developed communication and interpersonal skills. These skills enable the nursing team to get to know the person as an individual and enable other interdisciplinary team members to recognise these insights through effective documentation and working relationships.Getting to know the patient is a requirement for nursing expertise, but is also dependent on the way that care is organised (Hardy et al 2009). 36 april 6 :: vol 25 no 31 :: 2011 records to reduce the burden of data collection and analysis. The Person-centred Nursing Framework (McCormack and McCance 2010) identifies a number of outcomes that may inform these measures, including satisfaction with care, involvement in care, feeling of wellbeing and creating a therapeutic environment. The RCN (2011) recognises that different measures may already be in place to support evaluation of person-centred care.It is encouraging teams and organisations to submit their measures to the RCN for endorsement. The measures should meet certain criteria, for example they should be evidence-based, take into account stakeholder and other perspectives, and be practicable. Endorsed measures can be shared with others through the RCN website. Organisational support Innes et al (2006) made the point that organisations have an important role to play in enabling person-centred care through the promotion of user-led services. This can be achieved through overcoming bureaucratic structures such as in creased management and budget-led services.It is important that management provides support to the front line nursing team in its day-to-day work and recognises the importance of nurse-patient relationships to this endeavour. This support may be, for example, through initiatives that release time to care through lean methodology (a quality improvement approach that focuses on making processes more efficient and reducing waste) (Wilson 2010), and practice development methodologies associated with person-centred cultures (McCormack et al 2008). access clinic; service-users are seen weekly for a brief intervention (10-15 minutes).Service-users appreciate this alternative to the usual one-hour appointment every two weeks and find the approach less threatening. The clinic is run by a nurse prescriber who is able to titrate medication against need or therapeutic benefit while delivering high quality psychosocial interventions in a brief intervention format. The clinic is supported by a se rvice user representative. This representative gives confidence to service-users who may be lacking belief in their ability to achieve lifelong abstinence and provides service users with an introduction to other community based self-help support networks.After service users have engaged with the service through the quick access clinic, they progress to an appropriate level of key working intervention to meet their more complex needs. This initiative illustrates a number of elements of Principle D, including the use of a formal advocate service, drawing on a service representative, who supports the patient in his or her choices as well as helping him or her to assert his or her wishes. The approach provides a flexible service whereby clinical interventions are provided by a nurse practitioner, and complex needs are assessed quickly.The service user and the nursing team work in partnership to decide when the patient is ready to embark on the next level of interventions required to mee t the patient’s complex needs. Conclusion Principle D emphasises the centrality of the patient to his or her care. It requires skill from each member of the nursing team. The potential contribution of each member to person-centred care will be enhanced if everyone in the team is using the same approach. Such an approach requires a workplace culture where person-centred values are realised, reviewed and reflected on in relation to the experiences of both patients and staff NSCase study A good example of patient-centred care is illustrated by an initiative from a specialist drug and alcohol service at Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust. The nursing team treats drug users for an initial 12 weeks in a quick References Goodrich J, Cornwall J (2008) Seeing The Person in The Patient: The Point of Care Review Paper. The King’s Fund, London. Hardy S, Titchen A, McCormack B, Manley K (Eds) (2009) Revealing Nursing Expertise Through Practitioner Inquiry. Wiley -Blackwell, Oxford. Innes A, Macpherson S, McCabe L (2006) Promoting Person-centred Care at the Front Line. Joseph Rowntree Foundation,York. Jackson A, Irwin W (2011) Dignity, humanity and equality: Principles of Nursing Practice A. Nursing Standard. 25, 28, 35-37. Manley K, Sanders K, Cardiff S, Davren M, Garbarino L (2007) Effective workplace culture: a concept analysis. Royal College of Nursing Workplace Resources for Practice Development. RCN, London, 6-10. McCormack B, Manley K, Walsh K (2008) Person-centred systems and processes. In Manley K, McCormack B, Wilson V (Eds) International Practice Development in Nursing and Healthcare. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 17-41. McCormack B, McCance T (2010) Person-centred Nursing: Theory and Practice.Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. Royal College of Nursing (2009) Measuring for Quality in Health and Social Care: An RCN Position Statement. http://tinyurl. com/ 6c6s3gd (Last accessed: March 16 2011. ) Royal College of Nursing (2011) Principles of Nursi ng Practice: Principles and Measures Consultation. Summary Report for Nurse Leaders. http://tinyurl. com/5wdsr56 (Last accessed: March 16 2011. ) Wilson G (2010) Implementation of Releasing Time to Care: the Productive Ward. Journal of Nursing Management. 17, 5, 647-654. NURSING STANDARD april 6 :: vol 25 no 31 :: 2011 37